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Best Rescue Knives For 2026

By
Jeff Jackson
-
A selection of the best river rescue knives.
Image: Kaydi Pyette

Nothing kicks off a post-paddle debate like river rescue knives. Most of us have a favorite, put up with others we didn’t really like, have lost more than one, and, hopefully, never find ourselves in a situation where we have to use it. As part of the river paddler’s Big Three—PFD, whistle, knife—they are a life-saving device. When something absolutely needs to be cut, nothing but a trusty blade will do.

The best rescue knife though is subjective. This is because every paddler has their own needs, considering the type of paddling they do, the components they expect a knife to have, and the attachment options available on their PFD. With this in mind, here is our rundown of the top river knives available to help you choose which is right for you.

Best Rescue Knives: Our Top Picks

Best Rescue Knife Overall

CRKT Bear Claw

The CRKT Bear Claw rescue knife.
Image: Kaydi Pyette

MSRP: $69 USD

Buy from:

AMAZON CRKT

Why I love it

Imagine some worst-case scenarios: tangled in straps under a flipped raft, or a waist belt throw rope gets stuck. For those situations, this is the rescue knife you want on your PFD. The CRKT Bear Claw is all business, intended for only one thing: cutting rope.

The one-sided, curved and serrated blade of the Bear Claw is among the best rope cutters I tested, and it is uniquely shaped to slip under a rope and, with one rip, cut through it. The finger hole provides secure grip and is perfect for cold or slippery hands. It releases with a solid click and minimal force.

Reasons to buy
  • You spend time in high-risk rescue situations
  • Need a dedicated rescue cutting tool
Consider another if
  • Left-handed paddlers may find the curved handle and sheath awkward
  • You need more uses and wider utility from your knife

Bottom line

A serious rescue tool, though left-handed paddlers may find the curved handle and sheath awkward.

Best Workhorse Rescue Knife

NRS Pilot and Co-Pilot

River knife attached to front of life jacket.
Image: Kaydi Pyette

MSRP: $59.95 | $54.95 USD

Buy from:

BACKCOUNTRY DICK’S AMAZON NRS

Why I love it

NRS river knives have been staples on guides’ and paddlers’ PFDs for decades. The only difference between the Pilot and Co-Pilot is the length of the grip and straight blade; both models have the same length serrated cutting edge, but the Pilot extends farther toward the tip with a straight blade.

I found the cutting power of the Pilot series is mid-range, taking a couple of saws to get through rope. Some post-purchase sharpening noticeably improved performance. The squared tip and dulled backside of the blade make this an all-purpose utility knife, suitable as a screwdriver, prying tool or peanut butter spreader.

NRS’s redesigned sheath has better release and less bulk than the original, but care is needed in sheathing the blade to ensure the sharp side is inserted away from the thumb release. For the Yank Test—a straight panic pull ignoring the release mechanism—the Pilot comes out with medium force, while the Co-Pilot will not release.

Reasons to buy
  • Solid retention in the sheath
  • Co-Pilot for those that want less weight and bulk protruding from their PFD
Consider another if
  • Cutting power is your main priority
  • Need an easier insert and release set up

Bottom line

These workhorse knives will take your river use in stride.

male kayaker stands on river shore wearing rescue PFD and holding paddle and throw bag River Safety & Rescue Gear: Your Head-To-Toe Guide

Best River Knife On A Budget

Gear Aid AKUA Blunt Tip

Gear Aid AKUA Blunt Tip knife.
Image: Kaydi Pyette

MSRP: $37.95 USD

Buy from:

AMAZON GEAR AID

Why I love it

The AKUA from Gear Aid blends rescue and safety features with utility sensibilities. A serrated edge, straight section, line cutter and blunt tip provide every option you’re likely to need.

In my testing, the serrations on the AKUA shredded rope rather than sliced it. The plastic grip lacked the anti-slip features of a dedicated rescue knife but gained points for comfort and ease of use. The sheath felt intuitive and required little force to release, yet needed medium force under the Yank Test. Many mounting options work with this sheath, up or down, strap or knife tab.

Reasons to buy
  • Widely functional knife with rescue capabilities
  • Wide range of PFD attachment options
Consider another if
  • Your knife is only pulled out for rescue situations

Bottom line

If you only carried one knife for all purposes, rescue or otherwise, this would be it.

Best Cutting Power

Spyderco Byrd Cara Cara 2 Rescue

Spyderco Byrd Cara Cara 2 folding knife.
Image: Kaydi Pyette

MSRP: $59 USD

Buy from:

AMAZON SPYDERCO

Why I love it

The Spyderco Byrd Cara Cara 2 Rescue knife slides through rope like butter. Its impressive cutting power comes from having the longest cutting edge among the knives reviewed here. One pull of the serrated edge cut 12-millimeter static rope—a big ask, and something most of the other knives needed steady sawing to achieve.

The Cara Cara 2 has the best feel in my hand, thanks to a longer grip for my bigger hands, and the right heft and balance. The flip action is smooth, and one thumb can easily activate the blade. As a folding knife, I found the attachment options limited, but the security clip can be installed for left- or right-hand carry.

Reasons to buy
  • You work with rope and demand cutting efficiency
  • Prefer pocket storage or need only basic attachment
Consider another if
  • You find yourself in high-risk or high-stress situations that demand quicker access to a knife
  • You need greater utility from your knife

Bottom line

Flip blades are not for everyone, but, wow, this thing can cut.

Best Lightweight Rescue Knife

Gerber E-Z Out Rescue

Gerber knife sitting on log.
Image: Kaydi Pyette

MSRP: $51 USD

Buy from:

AMAZON GERBER

Why I love it

The Gerber E-Z Out comes in at just three ounces. It has the same serrations as the champion cutter Byrd Cara Cara, just an inch less of them.

I found the blunt tip and hook nose on the Gerber make this a versatile rescue blade, though the smaller blade area impacts the size of the thumb hole and ease of opening the blade one-handed. The non-adjustable clip made it best suited to easy-access pockets, simple attachment points and less demanding paddling situations that may dislodge it. Gerber knows how to make a knife, and the grip and hand feel are superb.

Reasons to buy
  • Lightweight rescue cutter
  • Prefer pocket storage or need only basic attachment
Consider another if
  • You find yourself in high-risk or high-stress situations that demand quick access
  • Have specific attachment points or needs

Bottom line

For those who want a lightweight knife that stores in a pocket, the E-Z Out delivers big cutting power.

Best Fixed-Blade Attachment Solution

Stohlquist Squeeze Lock

A fixed blade knife with sheath.
Image: Jeff Jackson

MSRP: $54.99 USD

Buy from:

STOHLQUIST

Why I love it

The Stohlquist Squeeze Lock looks somewhat dainty compared to the other bruisers in this review, but that means it is lightweight and low profile when mounted on a PFD.

The Squeeze’s straight edge, serrated section, line hook and blunt tip provide versatility. Out of the box, I found the cutting power underwhelming, but sharpening quickly fixed that. Those with smaller hands will appreciate the feel of this handle and smaller blade. This sheath offers the most flexible mounting options of any knife here, and comes with straps, clips and multiple mounting configurations and directions. The Squeeze’s lock can feel finicky, but the Yank Test frees it with modest force.

Reasons to buy
  • Small hands will appreciate everything about this knife
  • You have complicated attachment needs
Consider another if
  • Big hands or big cutting needs

Bottom line

Ideal for complicated attachment needs and low profile on the PFD.

What to consider when buying a rescue knife

Deciding between attached fixed-blade or tucked-away folding knives

Before you launch into buying a river or rescue knife, the real question to consider is the relative importance of fast and easy access versus the security of the knife.

Pros and cons of an attached fixed blade

If you guide high-grade whitewater, row oar rigs, or run rivers where the throw bags come out often, then fast and easy access to a blade is a priority, given all of that rope around you.

This, of course, comes with a trade-off. Having any blade prominently mounted onto your PFD means there is a risk of losing it or it getting tangled itself. And, climbing onto a flipped raft with a knife mounted to your chest sucks.

Pros and cons of a stored folding knife

Conversely, if this is a rescue or utility tool expected for somewhat mellower applications, a flip blade stowed in a pocket or a fixed blade more subtly attached might make more sense, and be less obtrusive and risk inadvertent release and loss. Retention straps are used by some in case the knife falls out, but that carries a whole new set of issues.

Compromises are a part of the gig, no matter what you decide to prioritize or where you mount the knife.

The PFD test

I suggest bringing your PFD with you when you shop for a knife, as its attachment points and their orientation will affect how secure and efficiently a given setup releases. Know that beyond the PFD knife tab, many sheaths have options for straps or zip ties or can be attached to belts or straps.

person uses a rope and knife to rescue a whitewater kayaker who is trapped Why You Should Always Carry A Rope And Knife On The Water

Rescue-ready muscle memory

Practice. Regardless of where you attach or store your knife, clip and unclip it repeatedly, every time you put on your PFD, so that the motion becomes ingrained. When things get ugly, you want this knife to just appear in your hand without any thought.

Consider a blunt-tip knife

All of the blades reviewed here have blunt tips to reduce the chance of injury to you or your buddy or of damaging your gear, and are made of stainless steel.

Rescue knife care

Stainless steel does not mean rust proof, so drying and cleaning your knife is a good idea. If this knife will serve double duty near salt water, look for titanium or treatments specifically for ocean environments.

And this leads to the last thing: keep this thing sharp! After-market sharpening kits are readily available, so put them to use often. This gets a bit more complicated with the new families of custom serrations found on some of these knives (such as the CRKT) which require specialized hones. If your knife is truly reserved as a rescue tool, every time you cut a rope, I suggest going home and sharpening the blade again. Any blade can be brought to razor sharp; the best blades can hold that edge longer.

Best rescue knife brands

How we tested

Each knife featured here was evaluated for real-world usability, grip, retention and durability. Our picks reflect not only hands-on testing and side-by-side cutting tests for this review, but also years of accumulated experience and ongoing tailgate conversations with seasoned paddlers and rescue professionals.

Why trust us

Jeff Jackson headed the outdoor adventure program at Algonquin College for 25 years. He has been teaching on rivers even longer and has become a recognized expert in outdoor adventure risk management. Jeff started contributing to Rapid magazine with the very first issue in 1999. He has worked on rivers from the Yukon to Utah, but these days you’re most likely to find him casting a line as the owner of Algonquin Fly Fishing. His everyday carry river knife is an NRS folding Pilot.

Cover of Issue 75 of Paddling MagazineThis article was published in Issue 75 of Paddling Magazine. Subscribe to Paddling Magazine‘s print and digital editions, or browse the archives.

Feature photo: Kaydi Pyette

 

How To Read A Tide Table

By
Finn Steiner
-
a person makes handwritten notes while scanning through a spiral bound tide table
Time and tide wait for no one. | Feature photo: Finn Steiner

It was the sound of two boats bumping together that made me sit bolt upright in my tent. Kayaks, as a rule, are supposed to be high and dry at night, and the only reason they make that sound is if they aren’t.

Headlamp on and Crocs hastily donned, I waded across the isthmus from my tent toward where the boats had been tied to a tree at the forest edge. I was deep in an inlet in eastern Clayoquot Sound, and losing a boat would qualify, by industry standards, as a capital “P” problem.

The kayaks themselves were fine, bobbing gently where they’d been secured. What wasn’t fine was the water, now up to my thighs. The fly of the closest tent was sitting in four inches of water, and the tide was still rising.

I woke Bill, who was still fast asleep, saying, “Your tent is underwater, and I need you to wake up without moving.” We managed to float him on his inflatable sleeping pad (now more of a pool toy), extract him from his sleeping bag, and relocate both him and the tent to higher ground. The rest of the group followed suit.

It wasn’t until much later I sat down and traced the chain of decisions that led us there. A handful of small errors—in math, lunar cycle awareness and ocean physics—had aligned perfectly. The lesson stuck, and I’ve since shared it with countless students.

a person makes handwritten notes while scanning through a spiral bound tide table
Time and tide wait for no one. | Feature photo: Finn Steiner

What are tides?

The oceans are governed by powerful forces. Once or twice each day, water rises and falls in response to the gravitational pull of the moon and sun, combined with the rotation of the Earth. This interaction creates a slow, rotating tidal wave that moves through ocean basins. Thinking of tides as a wave helps clarify the basics: high tide is the crest, low tide the trough. This vertical movement of water is what we call tide.

The horizontal movement of that water, how fast and in what direction it flows, is what we call current. When movement is driven by tides, we call it tidal current. Currents affect how fast we travel, whether features feel fun or scary, and where rips and overfalls form.

Tides, on the other hand, tend to influence paddlers more subtly: long intertidal boat carries, nonexistent beaches, flooded camps and impossible landings. As I learned that night in Clayoquot Sound, tides don’t need speed or turbulence to cause problems.

Why tides matter

Landings

A cobble beach that’s friendly at 6.5 feet (2 meters) may vanish entirely at 16 feet (5 meters), replaced by steep rock and breaking waves.

Campsites

Many good campsites are low. Driftwood lines, salt-tolerant grasses and bleached kelp caught in vegetation are all cues. Match those signs to your predicted high tide, not the current one.

Rock gardens, surf and tide races

Mid-tide rising often feels smoother and more forgiving as features fill in. Mid-tide falling tends to sharpen edges and expose hazards. Same place, very different experience.

Trip timing

Distance matters, but tide windows matter more. Planning arrivals around favorable heights often turns stressful ends to days into calm ones and can save you an hour or more of carrying gear up and down the beach.

What is tidal range?

You’ll often hear people talk about tidal range. Simply put, range is the difference in height between high and low tide. That difference varies dramatically depending on the alignment of the sun and moon, their distance from Earth, and the Earth’s axial tilt. When forces align, tides are large; when they oppose each other, tides are small.

In Ucluelet, British Columbia, where I live, the largest theoretical tidal range is about 13.5 feet (4.1 meters), but most days are nothing close to that. Tides here can range from as little as one foot (30 centimeters) to the maximum. On the biggest days, saltwater pushes right up into the roots of dense coastal forest. This variability is why tide tables matter.

How to read a tide table

A tide table predicts the expected tide height at a specific location on a specific day and time. Each table is tied to a reference station, and conditions can vary significantly even over a short distance.

A typical entry might look like this:

Tofino, British Columbia – July 15, 2026
Time Height
0800 6.6 ft / 2.0 m
1335 10 ft / 3.1 m
1821 1.6 ft / 0.5 m

The larger heights represent high tides; the smaller, low tides. The difference between them is the tidal range. Between 08:00 and 13:35, the tide rises 3.5 feet (1.1 meters). Between 13:35 and 18:21, it falls 8.5 feet (2.6 meters)—a much larger movement over a similar time span. More water moving faster generally means stronger currents. It’s also worth remembering tide tables are predictions. Low barometric pressure and strong winds can elevate water levels beyond what’s forecast.

a group of sea kayakers paddling on the water
Tide and seek. | Photo: Finn Steiner

Follow these steps

1

Find the tide information relevant to your location. Use NOAA’s Tide Predictions website, a tide app like Tide Guide, or printed tide booklets, like the Canadian Tide and Currents Tables. Choose the tide station closest to where you’ll be paddling.

2

Look up the tide table for the dates you plan to be on the water. Tides change daily, so using the correct dates is essential.

3

For each day, note the listed times and heights of high and low tides. Many coastal areas experience two high tides and two low tides within a 24-hour period. Remember: a seemingly small change in height can translate into a large change in horizontal distance, especially on gently sloping beaches.

4

Use tide information to plan your route, launch times, rest stops and campsites. Choose overnight sites above the highest predicted tide. Consider whether low tide will leave you stranded far from the water, or if high tide will eliminate landing options.

5

Before landing or camping, look for natural indicators such as driftwood lines, wet sand, and debris to identify previous high-water marks and confirm predictions from the water.

Reading tides well is less about memorizing numbers and more about pattern recognition. Strong paddlers cross-reference constantly, then look up from the page to see what the water is doing. Over time, prediction and observation will align.

Finn Steiner is a West Coast sea kayak guide, educator and co-owner of SKILS (skils.ca), focused on leadership, risk and coastal learning.

Cover of Issue 75 of Paddling MagazineThis article was published in Issue 75 of Paddling Magazine. Subscribe to Paddling Magazine’s print and digital editions, or browse the archives.

Time and tide wait for no one. | Feature photo: Finn Steiner

 

NASA Artemis II Splash Down Uses Jack’s Plastic Welding Rafts In Recovery

By
Maddy Marquardt
-

When NASA’s Artemis II mission splashed down on Friday, April 10 off the coast of San Diego, a set of striking bright orange rafts were used in the recovery process. These mission-ready rafts were built by none other than Jack’s Plastic Welding from Aztec, New Mexico.

Perhaps best known for the Paco Pad, many a raft guide’s sleeping pad of choice, Jack’s Plastic Welding also makes dry bags, inflatable rafts and now, recovery rafts for astronauts.

Behind the high-tech ‘front porch’ rafts used by NASA

The Orion capsule, transporting astronauts Reid Wiseman, Victor Glover, Christina Koch and Jeremy Hansen, re-entered the Earth’s atmosphere at over 24,000 miles per hour before splashing down in the Pacific Ocean off the coast of San Diego on Friday.

The recovery operation was dependent on weather conditions including waves, wind and visibility, all of which fell in line for a successful splash down and recovery on Friday evening. As the astronauts emerged, a raft can be seen supporting both the capsule itself and a second raft can be seen supporting the recovery crew and eventually, as the astronauts stepped out of the capsule and onto the raft, the team of astronauts freshly returned from a trip around the moon.

The Orion capsule from NASA's Artmeis II voyage, splashes down with astronauts aboard a recovery raft built by Jack's Plastic Welding.
Image: NASA James Blair

“Everybody is surprised that we’re making stuff for NASA here,” TJ Garcia, the CEO of Jack’s Plastic Welding, told KOAT 7 Action News. “It’s honestly one of the things we brag about.”

KOAT also reported that the rafts took 528 hours to construct a piece and were designed in collaboration with NASA engineers. Garcia also shared that the rafts have been in the works for several years. The rafts, nicknamed “the front porch” by NASA, are double-walled and were put through extensive testing.

After splashdown on April 10, the capsule was assessed by divers before the astronauts were guided off the capsule and onto the rafts.

“The Artemis II crew is home. The entry, descent, and landing systems performed as designed and the final test was completed as intended. This moment belongs to the thousands of people across fourteen countries who built, tested, and trusted this vehicle,” said NASA Associate Administrator Amit Kshatriya in a news release.

Image of the splashdown of Artemis II
Artemis II splashdown in the Pacific. Feature Image: NASA | CNN

During the Artemis II’s April 6 lunar flyby, the team of astronauts captured over 7,000 images of the moon’s surges and a solar eclipse. NASA has now begun preparations for 2027’s Artemis III mission.

 

Enter To Win A Niphean Dreamspace Series 10’ Inflatable Paddle Board

By
Paddling Magazine Staff
-
Enter To Win A Niphean Dreamspace Series 10’ Inflatable Paddle Board With Inflatable Seat

Join Our Upcoming Webinar: How To Find & Photograph Wildlife In Algonquin Park

By
Brenna Kelly
-
a moose photographed in Algonquin Park
Feature photo: Algonquin Outfitters

Dreaming of capturing iconic Canadian wildlife through your lens? Join us for an inspiring and practical webinar focused on finding and photographing wildlife in Algonquin Provincial Park—one of the country’s most celebrated wilderness destinations.

In this session, Colin Bruce of Algonquin Outfitters will share expert insights from years of experience exploring the park’s forests, lakes, and backcountry routes. Known for its rich biodiversity and incredible paddling routes, Algonquin offers unforgettable opportunities to encounter moose, wolves, birds and more in their natural habitat.

You’ll learn how to:

  • Identify the best locations and times of day to spot wildlife
  • Understand animal behavior to improve your chances of meaningful encounters
  • Position yourself (by canoe or on foot) for safe, ethical and effective photography
  • Use light, weather and landscape to elevate your images
  • Prepare for a successful wildlife photography trip in the backcountry

Whether you’re a beginner with a camera or an experienced photographer looking to refine your skills, this webinar will help you build confidence and come away with stronger, more compelling images.

Bring your questions—there will be time for a live Q&A at the end of the session.

Colin Bruce

Colin Bruce is a wildlife photographer and Fellow of the Royal Canadian Geographical Society who lives in Algonquin Highlands. He works with organizations such as Canadian Geographic, BBC Earth, and Ducks Unlimited, contributing images to stories, calendars, social media, and magazines. He is also the manager of Algonquin Outfitters on Oxtongue Lake. Colin has worked in the Outdoor Industry for over the last decade in various roles from Guide, Outdoor Education, Store Manager and much more.

Note: A recording of the webinar will be made available to registrants via email after the live session concludes, so sign up even if you can’t attend on April 24!


Feature photo: Colin Bruce/Algonquin Outfitters

 

The Best Tested And True Paddling Gear, Because If It Isn’t Broken Why Fix It

By
Maddy Marquardt
-
A wilderness systems pungo kayak on a calm lake
A Wilderness Systems Pungo on a calm lake at sunset. Feature Image: Maddy Marquardt.

Every year, innovative and new paddling products hit the market. We push for gear that weighs less, holds up longer and dries fastest but one of the best-kept secrets in the outdoors is that some of the best gear is the gear that just works, year after year with limited upgrades and bells and whistles.

Here at Paddling Magazine, we caught up with brand representatives and business owners at Canoecopia 2026 to get their thoughts on the best tried and true gear on the market.

NRS Tuff Sack

If you’ve ever been on a guided trip or worked for an outfitter, you’re likely familiar with the study little number that is the NRS Tuff Sack.

Image of the NRS Tuff Sack at Canoecopia.
Built for use and mild abuse, if the NRS Tuff Sack it could tell stories around the campfire. Image: Maddy Marquardt

If there was an award for most likely to be dragged over rocks, run over by a car and still keep your gear dry, these would win it. These beefy drybags are in it for the long haul.

Cooke Custom Sewing Portage Packs

For classic packs from a small and local business, Cooke Custom Sewing has been making the same packs for years on years with few modifications.

A Cooke Custom Sewing Portage Pack at Canoecopia.
This particular pack has been around the block, most recently as an airplane carry-on on the way to Canoecopia! Image: Maddy Marquardt

They’re simple, functional and durable. While the design itself has lasted decades, the packs themselves last just as long.

Mustang Survival Khimera PFD

Mustang Survival’s Khimera Dual Flotation PFD is one of the most unique, low-profile and popular PFDs on the market.

The Mustang Khimera PFD at Canoecopia
Mythologically speaking, the Khimera is a hybrid of a goat and lion, not so unlike how the Khimera PFD is both inflatable and foam. Image: Maddy Marquardt.

With thin foam floatation and a no-nonsense design, additional floatation via inflation allows for maintaining a sleek profile on the water with plenty of buoyancy should you find yourself in the drink.

Eddyline Sky 100

Eddyline’s Sky recreational kayak remains one of the most popular sit-inside kayaks for calm water paddlers. This little number in the Sky 100 model weighs just 34 pounds, making it manageable even for the average solo paddler and a popular pick year after year.

Wilderness Systems Pungo

The Wilderness Systems Pungo 120 is a workhorse of a recreational kayak, with comfortable outfitting, stability and ample storage.

A wilderness systems pungo kayak on a calm lake
A Wilderness Systems Pungo on a calm lake at sunset. Feature Image: Maddy Marquardt.

The Pungo has been a popular choice for decades, with few modifications or major redesigns.

Kokatat Meridian Drysuit

The Kokatat Meridian is a popular drysuit with a dropseat that’s been in use for generations.

Kokatat Meridian Drysuits at Canoecopia 2026.
A line up of fresh, crisp drysuits that still smell like new car, not like foot. Image: Maddy Marquardt.

It features GORE-TEX PRO fabric, Latex gasket with neoprene punch through collar and cuffs and thoughtful dropseat design.

Wenonah Minnesota II

Nearly synonymous with the Boundary Waters, the Wenonah Minnesota II is designed for both efficiency and durability on the water and on the portage trail. The canoe of choice for many of the BWCAW outfitters, the Minnesota II is fast and long trip ready.

 

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Best Base Layers For 2026

By
Virginia Marshall
-
The author and Paddling Magazine editor-in-chief portaging a canoe wearing base layers.
Image: Virginia Marshall

I spent the first half of my life believing a cotton tee and flannel workshirt with a denim jacket thrown over top constituted all-weather “layering.” I also recall the result: being damp and cold on a regular basis. Then, I discovered technical outdoor clothing and the sorcery of layers that wick moisture, regulate temperature and repel rain. Merino, polypropylene, Capilene and fleece entered my vocabulary—and my closet. Now, the plaid shirts only come out at camp.

In the pantheon of outdoor apparel, base layers are arguably the least glamorous pieces of paddling kit. Let’s face it, we’re talking about long underwear. There’s a reason snazzy shells and cozy, stylish mid-layers get more press. But it’s the unsung undergarments that most profoundly impact comfort by transporting moisture away from your skin, minimizing friction, blocking harmful UV rays and keeping unpleasant odors at bay.

In the decades since my layering revelation, I’ve put countless base layer materials and styles to the test. Whether I’m shoulder-season canoe tripping, gearing up for spring whitewater, or slipping my sea kayak into the frigid waters of Lake Superior, these are my top-performing base layers for paddling in all waters and weather.

Best base layers: Our top picks

Dress For Immersion, Not Air Temperature
  • Your body loses heat much faster when immersed in cold water than it does when dry.
  • Avoid cotton clothing like t-shirts and jeans; they retain water and accelerate cooling when wet. Synthetic fabrics, or wool, are generally a better choice. If the water is very cold (60° fahrenheit or less), you should wear a wetsuit or drysuit.

Best Base Layer Overall

Icebreaker Merino 260 Half Zip Thermal Top & Merino 200 Oasis Leggings

Icebreaker Merino 260 Half Zip Thermal Top and Merino 200 Oasis base layer leggings.
Image: Virginia Marshall
Icebreaker Specs
Material: 100% merino wool
Sizing: W’s XS-XXL, M’s XS-XXL
Price: $135 US (top), $105 US (leggings)

Buy top from:

BACKCOUNTRY REI ICEBREAKER

Buy bottoms from:

BACKCOUNTRY REI AMAZON

Why I love it

When it comes to paddling and living out of my dry bags, I’m always looking to escape for as long as possible. Multi-day trips are great, multi-week journeys are even better. That’s why my favorite base layer material is merino wool. Spun from the irresistibly plush fleece of Merino sheep—a breed known for its hardiness in the world’s most inhospitable climates—it offers superb warmth-to-weight, packs down smaller than synthetic fleece, and continues insulating even when wet. Unlike traditional wool, ultra-fine merino fibers are soft and non-itchy to wear next to your skin.

But the best part? Merino wool contains a wax called lanolin that is naturally water repellent and antimicrobial, meaning my base layers stay odor-free even after living in them for a week.

Founded in New Zealand (where sheep outnumber people 4.5:1), Icebreaker is the original pioneer of premium merino apparel for outdoor pursuits. The company offers a range of base layer weights from 175 to 300 for varying degrees of warmth. My go-to is pairing the versatile merino 200 Oasis leggings with a lightweight-yet-cozy 260 Tech Half Zip Thermal top for a season-stretching base layer that keeps me warm when it’s cold and cool when it’s warm.

Reasons to buy
  • Excellent breathability and temperature regulation
  • Naturally odor-resistant
  • Warm when wet
  • Slim fit promotes mobility and doesn’t bunch
  • Offset and flatlock seams to reduce friction
Consider another if
  • You’re on a budget—synthetic base layers offer a good alternative at a fraction of the price
  • The words “wash cold, gentle cycle, line dry in shade” are not in your laundry vocabulary

Bottom Line

Top-notch performance, comfort and style in a material you’ll want to wear day and night.

Most Durable

Outdoor Research Vigor Grid Fleece Quarter Zip Top & Bottom

Woman standing in forest wearing Outdoor Research fleece layers.
Image: Virginia Marshall
Outdoor Research Specs
Material: 95% polyester, 5% spandex
Sizing: W’s XS-XXL, M’s S-XXL
Price: $110 US (top), $100 US (bottoms)

Buy top from:

BACKCOUNTRY REI OUTDOOR RESEARCH

Buy bottoms from:

BACKCOUNTRY AMAZON OUTDOOR RESEARCH

Why I love it

Some of my most well-loved base layers are hard-wearing synthetic fleece staples from Outdoor Research. Even after countless expeditions and laundromat wash and dry cycles, they still look great and perform like new. OR’s Vigor Grid tops and bottoms are crafted from lightweight fleece with a durable smooth face and waffle back for superior breathability and moisture transport away from your skin. Backed by the company’s lifetime guarantee, these are base layers designed for round-the-clock outdoor use—whether I’m kneeling in a canoe, shouldering a pack, or hauling firewood.

The quarter zip top makes it easy to vent on warm days or zip up when the temperature drops. The bottoms feature an internal elastic waistband with a drawcord to customize fit. The relaxed fit means these also work great as a mid-layer on the coldest paddling days.
Base layers aren’t known for their storage, which makes sense when you’re layering under other clothing, but I appreciate the inclusion of chest and hip zip pockets on the Vigor Grid top and bottoms for stashing my phone or a snack when I’m wearing just this layer on dry days.

Reasons to buy
  • Lifetime guarantee
  • Easy care; machine wash and dry
  • Breathable and quick drying
  • Flat seam, chafe-free fit for maximum range of motion
Consider another if
  • You prefer natural fibers like wool for their natural odor- and fire-resistance
  • You want a one-piece for under your paddling gear

Bottom Line

Unbeatable durability and worry-free maintenance backed by a lifetime guarantee.

Best For Sun Protection

NRS Silkweight Hybrid Hoodie

NRS Silkweight Hybrid Hoodie.
Dreaming of warmer days and blocked UV rays. | Image: Virginia Marshall
NRS Specs
Material: 92% polyester, 8% spandex
Sizing: M’s S-XXL, W’s XS-XL
Price: $109.95 US

Buy from:

REI NRS

Why I love it

Crafted from ultralight synthetics with advanced wicking technology for cooling comfort, the NRS Silkweight Hybrid Hoodie promotes responsible choices on hot, steamy days. Instead of reaching for that faded t-shirt and a bottle of sunscreen, I grab this long-sleeve sun shirt for UPF 50+ protection and a face-shading hood. The Silkweight Hoodie’s breezy fit and four-way stretch keep you chill on the sweatiest days, while the woven shoulder and chest panels add abrasion resistance for wearing under a PFD. The sturdier material up top also works well to shield my shoulders, upper back and arms from dive-bombing deerflies. Two mesh-lined chest pockets offer a secure place to stash small essentials.

Reasons to buy
  • Ultralight UPF 50+ sun protection
  • Dries almost instantly
  • Proprietary synthetic fabric keeps you cool on hot days
Consider another if
  • You need an insulating base layer for cooler climates
  • You don’t want a hooded shirt, in which case consider NRS’s similar Silkweight Baja or Long Sleeve shirts

Bottom Line

Less is more when it comes to sun shirts, and this airy top gets it right.

Check The Weather
  • Plan for changing weather conditions. Prepare for the worst case.
  • Don’t forget to check tide, currents, or river levels.

Best One-Piece

Mustang Survival Kazan Drysuit Liner

Woman wearing a fleece unionsuit and preparing to put on drysuit.
Image: Virginia Marshall
Mustang Survival Specs
Material: 93% polyester, 7% spandex (body) / 86% nylon, 14% spandex (cuffs)
Sizing: W’s S-XL, M’s S-XXL
Price: $184.99 US

Buy from:

BACKCOUNTRY AMAZON MUSTANG SURVIVAL

Why I love it

Few environments test a base layer’s capacity for managing moisture, chafing and thermo-regulation like the microclimate inside a drysuit. The Kazan liner impressed me right away with its body-mapped grid fleece and a clever, minimalist design that ticks all the boxes for under drysuit comfort.

One-piece thermals can be challenging to fit. After finally finding a drysuit that fits me well, the last thing I want is a bunchy base layer compromising my comfort. The Kazan’s slim tailoring, low collar, and 7/8-length sleeves maximize mobility while accommodating neck and wrist gaskets. Mustang finished the sleeve and leg cuffs with water-resistant stretch nylon, solving a common paddler complaint—soggy wrists and ankles from imperfect drysuit seals. The clincher for me, however, is the drysuit-compatible drop seat. It’s an elegant solution: a long shirt hem tucked into a high elastic waistband at the back of the liner. No zipper, no snaps, no added bulk.

Reasons to buy
  • One-and-done layering
  • Cozy waffle fleece is ideal for cooler conditions
  • Breathable and quick drying
  • Drop-seat compatible
Consider another if
  • You mostly wear your drysuit in warmer temperatures, where a lighter base layer may be more comfortable
  • You prefer the flexibility of layering separate tops and bottoms

Bottom Line

This smart, drysuit-specific design is the most comfortable union suit we tested.

Most Diverse Sizing

Smartwool Classic Merino Thermal Crew Top & Bottom

Smartwool Classic thermal layers.
Image: Virginia Marshall
Smartwool Specs
Material: 100% merino wool
Sizing: W’s XS-4X, M’s XS-XXL
Price: $125 US (top), $125 US (leggings)

Buy top from:

BACKCOUNTRY REI SMARTWOOL

Buy bottoms from:

BACKCOUNTRY AMAZON SMARTWOOL

Why I love it

Comfortable, colorful and easy to care for, Smartwool’s merino base layers are available in standard and plus sizes to fit all paddlers.

I like the brand’s 150-weight Classic All-Season base layers for warmer weather, while the mid-weight 250 Classic Thermal options are perfect for chilly shoulder-season paddling and camping.

I have broad shoulders for my frame, so I appreciate the crew top’s raglan sleeves which allow a greater range of motion while ensuring a comfortable fit for those with athletic builds or larger busts. Responding to user feedback, Smartwool updated their classic merino leggings to improve fit across a range of body shapes. I love the wide waistband but find the mid-rise still rides down a bit at the back when I’m sitting or kneeling in my boat.

Crafted from 100-percent merino wool, Smartwool base layers excel at moisture control and regulating body temperature. Even better, the natural fibers are odor-resistant; just air out your layers after wearing and they’ll feel (and smell) fresh for another day. When it’s time for laundering, the robust knit can be machine-washed and dried.

Reasons to buy
  • Inclusive sizing
  • Excellent breathability and temperature regulation
  • Naturally odor-resistant
  • Easy care; machine wash and dry
  • Fun colors and prints
Consider another if
  • You’re on a budget—synthetic base layers offer a good alternative at a fraction of the price
  • You want the full coverage of high-rise bottoms

Bottom Line

Comfortable, stylish natural fiber base layers with standard and plus sizes to fit everyone.

Best For Cold Weather

Kokatat Outercore Long Sleeve Shirt & Pant

Kokatat long underwear.
Warming up for cold-weather paddling. | Image: Virginia Marshall
Kokatat Specs
Material: 90% polyester, 10% spandex
Sizing: M’s S-XL, W’s S-XL
Price: $125 US (shirt), $125 US (pant)

Buy top from:

BACKCOUNTRY AMAZON KOKATAT

Buy bottoms from:

KOKATAT

Why I love it

When I’m heading out for a November surf session or layering up to catch spring melt, Kokatat’s heavyweight Polartec Power Dry fabrics offer core cozying, confidence-inspiring insulation for cold-water environments. The plush velour inside is soft and warm against my skin, while the durable jersey face makes for worry-free layering under my dry wear.

Because Kokatat base layers are designed specifically for paddlers, they’re loaded with subtle-yet-welcome features like strategically placed flat-stitch seams to avoid irritation and hot spots. Another paddler-centric element is the Outercore shirt’s drop tail, eliminating cold spots when I’m sitting in my kayak. And, the lighter-weight Polartec grid fleece in the underarms, cuffs and neck prevents overheating and wicks perspiration when I’m sprinting for a wave.

Reasons to buy
  • Plush Polartec fleece for maximum insulation
  • Quick drying and breathable
  • Paddler-specific body mapping improves in-boat comfort
Consider another if
  • You want lighter layers for all-season paddling
  • You’re looking for Outercore warmth in a one-piece design—check out Kokatat’s Habanero drysuit liner

Bottom Line

Uncompromising cold-weather performance in paddler-specific designs for all-day comfort.

Best Drysuits For Paddling In 2026

Best Budget Base Layer

Level Six Vulcan Uni-Suit

Man tossing snow while wearing one-piece long underwear.
Image: Virginia Marshall
Level Six Specs
Material: 50% nylon, 44% polyester, 6% spandex
Sizing: M’s S-XXL (Vulcan), W’s XS-XL (Vesta)
Price: $139.95 US

Buy from:

BACKCOUNTRY LEVEL SIX

Why I love it

A quality base layer is a smart investment in your paddling future, but it can be hard to rationalize spending $300 on long underwear. I get it. For paddlers on a budget, Level Six makes river gear that looks great and performs well at a reasonable cost.

The Vulcan Uni-Suit is a midweight fleece base layer that kept our testers toasty warm in cold conditions. The suit is fully drysuit compatible with a long front zipper for venting and easy entry, flatlock seams to prevent chafing, and a rear zip drop seat. Level Six also offers a women’s version called the Vesta at the same price point.

Reasons to buy
  • Head-to-toe layering for half the price
  • Cozy fleece is best suited to cooler conditions
  • Breathable and quick drying
  • Drysuit compatible
Consider another if
  • You want more premium one-piece features like body-mapped fabrics or a women’s relief zipper
  • You prefer the flexibility of layering separate tops and bottoms

Bottom Line

A cozy onesie that offers great value for paddlers on a budget.

What to consider when buying base layers

Perhaps the biggest consideration when shopping for your next (or first) base layer is whether to choose a natural fiber like merino wool or go with a synthetic material. Both can offer versatile performance in a variety of paddling conditions, so the choice depends on personal preference, budget, and how you plan to use them.

Some important factors to consider include: what is the air and water temperature where you paddle? What is your anticipated level of exertion? For example, do you enjoy leisurely paddles in cooler weather, or high-output paddling in variable conditions? Both wool and synthetics are highly breathable, with different weights (measured in grams per square meter, or g/m) suited to different temperature ranges.

Which is warmer—wool or synthetic?

Both synthetic fleece and wool retain heat effectively in dry conditions, but wool insulates better when wet. Wool also contains lanolin, a natural water-repellent wax that makes it a good choice for wet environments. Fleece, on the other hand, becomes saturated more quickly than wool, but it dries out much faster once you’re off the water.

Moisture management—wool vs. synthetic

Base layers keep you feeling dry and warm by transporting moisture away from your skin. In warmer conditions, they can also help you feel cooler through evaporative cooling. The short fibers in synthetic fleece base layers create a capillary action that wicks sweat away from the skin. The crimped fibers of merino wool work in a similar way, with the added benefit of natural antimicrobial properties that keep your sweaty base layers from stinking. If your adventures take you off the grid for multiple days, you may prefer merino over synthetic fleece.

One piece or two?

Do you want separate tops and bottoms that you can switch up for greater versatility, or do you like the idea of a one-and-done layer to toss on underneath your dry wear? If you often paddle in a drysuit, one-piece liners produced by popular paddling brands are designed to work specifically with the features of your suit. Alternatively, individual pieces offer more options for wearing around camp, during other activities, or in your sleeping bag.

Pros and cons of wool vs. synthetic

Benefits of merino wool base layers: insulate when wet, naturally water repellent and flame retardant, breathable, compact, naturally antimicrobial and odor resistant. The downsides of wool are that it’s slow drying, more expensive, and can be damaged if washed and dried incorrectly.

Benefits of synthetic base layers: quick drying, easy maintenance, lightweight and soft. Some drawbacks include: low insulation value when wet, can melt near the fire, and even treated synthetics develop unpleasant odors over time.

Best base layer brands

How we tested

We tested the base layers on this list on and off the water—paddling, portaging, camping and more. Each garment was selected for its fit, comfort, features and performance.

These picks reflect not only hands-on testing for this review, but also years of accumulated experience and the expertise of our seasoned editors through extensive paddling and product testing.

Cover of Issue 75 of Paddling MagazineThis article was published in Issue 75 of Paddling Magazine. Subscribe to Paddling Magazine’s print and digital editions, or browse the archives.

No treble. | Feature photo: Virginia Marshall

 

Behind The Scenes On The Photo Of A Lifetime

By
Kaydi Pyette
-
JT Hartman drops Punch Bowl Falls at dusk
JT Hartman drops Punch Bowl Falls at dusk. | Feature photo: Riley Seebeck

“It was kind of a dream that all fell together,” says photographer Riley Seebeck. Getting this photo was a seven-person, six-hour mission that pushed the limits of technical and paddling skills and it all almost fell apart at the last minute.
Below, Seebeck describes in his own words how he captured this one-shot wonder.

Behind the scenes on the photo of a lifetime

“There’s a handful of photographers in the industry that are starting to play with attaching flashes and lighting to drones to get that type of studio light look you’d get with a hot box. That was always something I thought would look really cool off of a waterfall.

Originally, my idea was to zoom in really, really far to see the water droplets. But once we decided on Punch Bowl Falls, near Hood River, Oregon, I knew it had to be a landscape. It’s too pretty to zoom in. When this idea came up, I started bouncing it around with JT Hartman. He’s the paddler in the shot. He’s just one of those good dudes who’s always like, ‘Sure, man, let’s do it. I don’t know what you’re really talking about, but let’s do it.’

JT Hartman drops Punch Bowl Falls at dusk
JT Hartman drops Punch Bowl Falls at dusk. | Feature photo: Riley Seebeck

I met JT during COVID. I was living right on the river and thought, ‘Okay, I have $1,500. I could save it or buy a boat.’ I started watching YouTube kayaking videos, and there was JT, making a bunch of videos. I messaged him and said, ‘I want to get into kayaking. Can you show me a couple of things?’ He took me under his wing, taught me to roll and brought me on my first milestone trips. We became really good friends.

We were all gathering for the Little White Salmon Race anyway. I reached out to a buddy who’s a drone pilot because I can’t operate the camera and the drone at the same time. I roped him in, got JT, and pulled together a support team. It turned into a group of good friends coming together.

Punch Bowl was about a two-hour hike in with all our gear. We started in the late afternoon to hit the blue hour light. At the falls, we were in a canyon. I climbed down and swam across a section of the river with my gear in a dry bag to line up the shot. The drone pilot was 10 minutes up a hill and the kayakers were out of sight. Communication was through radio.

I was in single-shot mode. It brought me right back to the art of photography.

We tested the flashes, they were syncing at first, then not. Technical difficulties. With a big flash, you only get one shot, then the flash has to recharge. Timing the flash and kayaker is key. So, we switched transmitters and kept troubleshooting. Each drone battery lasted only 15 minutes.

At this point, we were losing light. It was 6:30 p.m. I thought, I don’t know if we’re gonna get it, guys. Then I saw this little bird bouncing on a log near me. It felt like something saying, ‘You can have this now.’

When the drone flash started syncing again, we were good to go. JT threw the radio down and lined up the lip. He got slightly off-line at the top and my finger almost clicked too early. Then he rolled off the lip perfectly. The flash fired.

Nailed it!

When JT paddled up in the pool, he asked, ‘How’d it go?’ I was yelling back with every swear word in the book. Six hours in for one photo. And we got it. I’ll remember that feeling forever. Mastering this technique and timing was one of the highlights of my career. I was in single-shot mode. It brought me right back to the art of photography.”

—As told to Kaydi Pyette

freestyle kayaker is silhouetted by the rising sun during a sunrise kayaking photography session Sunrise Sessions: The Story Behind The Iconic Shot
Cover of Issue 74 of Paddling MagazineThis article was published in Issue 74 of Paddling Magazine. Subscribe to Paddling Magazine’s print and digital editions, or browse the archives.

JT Hartman drops Punch Bowl Falls at dusk. | Feature photo: Riley Seebeck

 

Rec.gov To Require Video Application For Permits In 2027

By
Maddy Marquardt
-
Text "Please Give Me A Permit" in a speech bubble over image of campers at camp making a video
In order to secure your next permit, you'll need to plead your case via video essay. Feature Image: Maddy Marquardt

The official reservation site for public federal lands in the United States, Recreation.gov announced on April 1, 2026 that video applications will now be required for the most competitive permit lotteries, beginning in 2027. According to Rec.gov spokesperson Seymour Butz, the coming change is inspired by the success of hit reality TV series Naked and Afraid and comes with the goal of making sure permits go to the most qualified applicants.

Recreation.gov representative shares story behind controversial move to integrate video auditions into permit application process

“Permits are so competitive these days and rescues are so costly that we’ve found we need a way to weed out the weak,” shared Butz.

Affected permit lotteries include high-demand recreation hotspots such as the Grand Canyon, Middle Fork of the Salmon River, or Selway River as well as backpacking destinations like Half Dome, the Enchantments and Mount Whitney. Rec.gov is partnering with the same casting company responsible for finding talent for popular outdoors reality television series Naked and Afraid to accept video submissions.

“We figured getting a permit for the Middle Fork of the Salmon is at least as competitive as getting on Naked and Afraid and thought we’d take a page from their book,” said Butz.

Text "Please Give Me A Permit" in a speech bubble over image of campers at camp making a video
In order to secure your next permit, you’ll need to plead your case via video essay. Feature Image: Maddy Marquardt

Prospective paddlers will be required to submit a 90 second to 5 minute video application, covering previous outdoor experience, relevant certifications as well as a show of raw and rugged wilderness skills. Rec.gov notes that while personality and pizzazz aren’t expressly a factor on the permit competition rubric, a little razzle dazzle in the video certainly can’t hurt.

“Similar to Naked and Afraid, it doesn’t hurt to demonstrate your survival prowess and deep knowledge of fire, water, and shelter in your audition tape – er, permit application,” added Butz.

While the unprecedented move is designed to ensure competitive permits go to the most qualified candidates, Butz shared that having TV-ready personalities out in the wild is a plus.

“We’ve just seen the success of reality TV in America and think we’re really missing an opportunity to more effectively monetize American resources,” shared Butz. “It starts with the video applications, but it’s a long game. May the odds be ever in your favor.”

Citizens voice concerns about new video application

While representatives share enthusiasm for the coming change, paddlers and recreationalists are dismayed.

Paddler Eileen Offercliff expressed concerns about the coming change.

“Permits are already so hard to get,” said Offercliff. “Now you’re telling me we have to perform everything short of a song and dance to get on our favorite rivers? Access to rivers should be based on who has the most expensive and trendiest gear, not who makes for the best TV.”

Still other paddlers are unfazed.

“This might as well happen,” said a paddler and raft guide angling for a Grand Canyon permit who chose to be identified by trail name “Groover King”.

Groover King added that he believes his video application will perform well, as he is proficient in building massive bonfires, harmonica and groover duty.

To concerned permit applicants, Butz has a few words of encouragement.

“So many people want to visit these wilderness areas but they just don’t have the sheer backcountry survival skills, or on-screen personalities,” said Butz. “In a way, bringing a touch of reality TV to the everyday backcountry will make it more accessible for all. If you can’t get a permit, perhaps you can live vicariously through the screen.”

International Whitewater Hall Of Fame Names 2026 Inductees

By
Paddling Magazine Staff
-
five paddlers recognized by Whitewater Hall of Fame
Five new inductees recognized in 2026 by Whitewater Hall of Fame

The International Whitewater Hall of Fame (IWHoF) will welcome its newest class of inductees on May 2, 2026, during a ceremony at the Canadian Canoe Museum in Peterborough, Ontario, bringing together paddlers and river advocates for an evening celebrating the whitewater’s most influential figures.

Hosted at the newly opened waterfront museum, the ticketed event will honor five individuals whose contributions have shaped whitewater paddling. This year’s inductees include advocates Hugh Canard and George Wendt, champions Danielle Woodward and Dana Chladek, and explorer Roger Parsons. Organized by the World River Center, the IWHoF has recognized more than 65 paddlers from 14 countries since its founding in 2005.

International Whitewater Hall of Fame honors paddling icons

Attendees will have access to the Canadian Canoe Museum’s exhibition hall, home to more than 600 canoes and kayaks, and a behind-the-scenes tour of the museum’s collection hall led by curator Jeremy Ward and executive director Carolyn Hyslop. The evening features a social, video tributes from past inductees and a silent auction of paddling gear, boats and artwork, before culminating in the induction ceremony. Get your tickets here.

A post-event tribute to inductee Roger Parsons is scheduled for May 3 on the Gull River in Minden, Ontario. Additional programming is hosted by Madawaska Kanu Centre, including three days of whitewater on the class II and III Madawaska River near Barry’s Bay.

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